Apple Pie, Ultimate Caramel

Ingredients

• 3 cups all-purpose flour
• Pinch salt
• 3/4 cup (1-1/2 sticks) unsalted butter, cold, cut in chunks
• 2 eggs separated, (yolks for the pastry, whites for the glaze)
• 3 tablespoons ice water, plus more if needed
• 1 cup sugar, plus 1/4 cup for the top
• 3 tablespoons water
• 1/4 cup heavy cream
• 1/2 cup red wine
• 1/2 vanilla bean, split and scraped
• 1 lemon, halved
• 8 apples (recommended: Granny Smith and Gala)
• 1 tablespoon flour
• 1 cinnamon stick, freshly grated
• 1/4 cup unsalted butter