Semla (Swedish Fat Tuesday Buns)

Ingredients

• 1 cup warm milk (95-100 degrees F)
• 1 package active dry yeast (2 teaspoons)
• 1 1/3 cups all-purpose flour
• 2 cups all-purpose flour
• 7 tablespoons unsalted butter, at room temperature
• 2/3 cup powdered sugar
• 1 large egg
• 2 1/2 teaspoons ground cardamom
• 1 teaspoon kosher salt
• 1 teaspoon water
• 14 ounces almond paste
• 1/2 cup powdered sugar
• 1/3 cup milk, or as needed to achieve desired texture
• 1 teaspoon ground cardamom, or to taste
• 1 1/2 cups heavy cream, whipped
• 2 tablespoons powdered sugar for dusting