Dawadawa is a West African fermented seasoning traditionally made from African locust beans. Related regional names include iru and soumbala, though products and preparation methods vary. It supplies a concentrated savory aroma to soups, sauces and stews.
Some products are made from soybeans or other seeds instead of locust beans. Check the ingredient list for both flavor and allergens. It is not the same ingredient as fermented black beans used in Chinese cooking.
Reference: Further reading.