Semla (Swedish Fat Tuesday Buns)

Ingredients

• 1 cup warm milk (95-100 degrees F)
• 1 package active dry yeast (2 teaspoons)
• 1.33 cups all-purpose flour
• 2 cups all-purpose flour
• 7 tablespoons unsalted butter, at room temperature
• 0.66 cup powdered sugar
• 1 large egg
• 2.5 teaspoons ground cardamom
• 1 teaspoon kosher salt
• 1 teaspoon water
• 14 ounces almond paste
• 0.5 cup powdered sugar
• 0.33 cup milk, or as needed to achieve desired texture
• 1 teaspoon ground cardamom, or to taste
• 1.5 cups heavy cream, whipped
• 2 tablespoons powdered sugar for dusting