Macaroni and Cheese With Parmesan Breadcrumbs

Ingredients

• Fine salt
• 1 pound dried elbow macaroni (or cavatappi, penne or other short, tubular pasta)
• 4 tablespoons (1/2 stick) unsalted butter
• 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
• 4 cups whole milk
• 8 ounces Velveeta, cubed (or other cheese)
• 8 ounces (2 cups) smoked Gouda cheese, shredded
• 4 ounces (1 cup) sharp cheddar cheese, shredded
• 1 tablespoon yellow mustard
• 1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper, plus more to taste
• 1 teaspoon garlic powder
• 3/4 teaspoon smoked paprika
• 1 cup finely grated parmesan cheese (or pecorino Romano or grana padano)
• 1/2 cup panko
• 1/2 cup chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley leaves
• 4 tablespoons (1/2 stick) unsalted butter, melted
• 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
• 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
• 1/4 teaspoon smoked paprika