Spicy Ethiopian Stewed Beef (Key Wat)

Ingredients

• 1/2 tsp ground cumin
• 1 tsp ground fenugreek
• 1/4 tsp ground nutmeg
• 1/2 tsp black pepper
• 1/4 tsp turmeric
• 4 tbsp hot pepper flakes (Yes, tablespoons! Not a typo!)
• 2 tbsp paprika
• 1 tsp ginger powder
• 1 tsp onion powder
• 1/2 tsp garlic powder
• 1/4 tsp ground allspice
• 3/4 tsp cardamom
• 1/2 tsp ground cloves
• 1 tsp ground coriander
• 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon
• 1 lb stew beef (cut into 1 inch cubes)
• 1 tsp salt
• 2 tbsp olive oil (separated)
• 1 small onion (diced)
• 2 tsp minced garlic
• 1 tbsp berbere (less if you’re sensitive to spice)
• 2 tbsp tomato paste
• 1/2 tsp sugar
• 2 cups beef stock (or 2 cups water and a beef bullion)